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郝振幫, 徐新建, 周姝婧, 周冰峰, 朱翔杰
(福建農林大學蜂學學院，福建福州 350002)
摘要： 蜜蜂蜂子發育具有狹溫性，偏離最適發育溫度對封蓋子發育不利，目前溫度脅迫對蜂子能量消耗規律尚不清楚。本研究測定了29℃、31℃、35℃、37℃、38℃條件下，意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica）封蓋子的羽化率、發育歷期、能量消耗速率和羽化的蜜蜂的能量。發現29℃和38℃導致封蓋子大部分或全部致死（P<0.01），29℃-37℃內封蓋子發育歷期隨溫度升高而下降（P<0.01）。與對照組35℃相比，封蓋后1-10d中，29℃、31℃和38℃均顯著降低封蓋子期總糖和蛋白的消耗速率（P<0.05），但29℃和31℃條件下脂類消耗速率未降低（P<0.05）；29℃封蓋子羽化時剩余能量最少（P<0.05）。本研究發現溫度脅迫能夠影響蜜蜂封蓋子的能量消耗，為更好地解釋蜂子發育狹溫性提供理論依據。
關鍵詞： 封蓋子；溫度脅迫；能量消耗；發育
項目基金：福建省自然科學基金（2016J01699），現代農業蜂產業技術體系建設專項資金（CARS-45-KXJ11）
第一作者：郝振幫（1992-），碩士研究生。研究方向：蜜蜂生態學，E-mail：haozhenbang@outlook.com
通訊作者：朱翔杰（1982-），副教授，碩士生導師，研究方向：蜜蜂生態學和蜜蜂種群遺傳學。E-mail：xiangjie_zhu@126.com
Critical temperatures affect energy cost in capped brood honeybee Apis mellifera ligustica
HAO Zhen-Bang, XU Xin-Jian, ZHOU Shu-Jing, ZHOU Bing-Feng, ZHU Xiang-Jie
(College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)
Abstract： The honeybee brood was stenothermic and suboptimum temperatures imposed detrimental effects on their development. To update, the mechanism underlying critical thermal effects on honeybee brood development success remains unknown. In the present study, the emergence, duration, energy consumption rate and energy reserve were measured for the Apis mellifera lignstica capped brood reared to lower/upper critical temperatures 29°C, 31°C, 37°C and 38°C. The results showed more than 80% brood failed to emerge at 29°C while none survived at 38°C. Development duration deceased as the temperature increased within 29-37°C; In contrast to presumed optimal temperature group, early brood energy use rate was constrained at 29°C, 31°C and 38°C, however, lipids use rate was not decreased at 29°C or 31°C. The emerged pupae energy reserve at 29°C was the least among the test temperatures due to their extended development duration. Our data explored the critical temperatures affecting the energy use during honeybee capped brood development, which provides insights into physiological mechanism underlying the stenothermic requirements for brood development.
Key Words: capped brood; temperature stress; energy use; development
