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Fighting a War with a Moral Justification
興兵開戰要有正當的名義或理由。泛指做事有正當的理由。它包含兩層意思：其一，師直為壯，謂出兵理由正當，則士氣旺盛，戰斗力強，否則難以服眾；其二，無故不得興兵，防止因貪、怒而窮兵黷武。其核心在于強調戰爭的正義性。這是文明精神的體現。
To wage a war, one must have a legitimate cause, just as we ought to have such a reason for doing all things. The term has two meanings. The first is that moral justification is a source of strength when waging a war. With moral justification, the troops will have high morale and strength in fighting. Without it, it would be difficult to command the troops. The second meaning is that war must not be waged without a just cause. Greed or anger should not be allowed to lead to militarism and aggression. The underlying notion of this concept is that war can only be fought with a just cause, which represents the spirit of civilization.
引例 Citations：
◎師必有名。（《禮記·檀弓下》）
出兵必須有正當理由。
A military campaign must have a moral justification. (The Book of Rites)
◎順德者昌，逆德者亡。兵出無名，事故不成。（《漢書·高帝紀上》）
順應道德就會昌盛，違背道德就會滅亡。出兵沒有正當名義，事情就不會成功。
Those who have virtue thrive; those who go against virtue perish. If a war is waged without moral justification, it will not succeed. (The History of the Han Dynasty)
◎庶幾義聲昭彰，理直氣壯，師出有名，大功可就矣。（朱鼎《玉鏡臺記·聞雞起舞》）
希望正義的聲音廣為傳揚，理由正大而氣勢雄壯，出兵有正當的名義，這樣才可建成大功業。
I hope the voice of justice will be heard everywhere. Be bold and confident when fighting a just war. When a military campaign has a moral justification, great victory can be achieved. (Zhu Ding: A Tale of a Jade Dressing Table)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
