榮譽與恥辱。“榮辱”是對個人或群體在社會生活中的表現所給予的評價與反饋。“榮辱”的評判以社會認可的價值標準為依據。言行符合標準，會享有榮譽；違背標準，則會遭受恥辱。此外，“榮辱”也指個人或群體對自身言行表現的道德感受，即感到光榮或恥辱。這種自我的道德感受源自對價值標準的認同。不過，不同學派所主張的價值標準會有所差別。

Honor and disgrace are evaluations of and feedback on the conduct of individuals or groups. People are judged on socially accepted values. One is honored if one complies with these values in both words and actions; and one is disgraced if one violates such values. Honor and disgrace also refer to how individuals or groups regard their own conduct morally in terms of honor or disgrace. These moral sentiments originate from people's identification with values. However, different schools of thought tend to espouse different values.

引例 Citation：

◎先義而后利者榮，先利而后義者辱。（《荀子·榮辱》）

優先遵守義的原則而后才考慮利益的人，會享有榮譽；優先謀求利益而后才考慮道義的人，會遭受恥辱。

Those who put righteousness before personal interests will be honored. Those who put personal interests before righteousness will be disgraced. (Xunzi)

推薦：教育部 國家語委

供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社

責任編輯：錢耐安