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空靈
Ethereal Effect
指文學藝術作品中所呈現的飄逸靈動的藝術境界與風格。與“充實”相對。空靈并非空虛無物，它并不脫離具體的物象描寫，而是通過有限的藝術形象達到無限的藝術意境，追求一種象外之意、畫外之情，給人留下想象發揮的空間，如詩文中不著形跡、不堆砌辭藻和意象，繪畫中較少使用濃墨重彩等。空靈用筆洗練，重在傳達神韻，具有空靈特點的作品澄澈透明、飄逸靈動，能使人體悟到自由超脫的審美愉悅。
This refers to an open, free, and flexible style of a work of art; it is the opposite of a "densely packed" work of art. Ethereal effect does not mean sheer emptiness; it does not completely avoid imagery, nor does it entirely avoid natural description. Rather its aim is to suggest unlimited possibilities for the viewer's imagination through a highly economical use of brushwork and imagery so as to pursue the "meaning that lies beyond literal form" or "associations beyond the work itself." In this way it leaves room for the viewer's imagination. For example, just as redundant description is deliberately left out of an essay or a poem, along with ponderous wording or unnecessary images, just so thick ink and heavy colors may be avoided in painting. The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and an economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
引例 Citation：
◎文或結實，或空靈，雖各有所長，皆不免著于一偏。試觀韓文，結實處何嘗不空靈，空靈處何嘗不結實。（劉熙載《藝概·文概》）
文章或者堅實有力，或者飄逸靈動，雖然各有各的優點，都難免偏于一個方面。試看韓愈的文章，堅實有力的地方未嘗不飄逸靈動，飄逸靈動的地方未嘗不堅實有力。
Some essays are written in a substantive style, whereas others feature an ethereal style. Although these two kinds of writing have their respective merits, they are each lopsided in their own way. But if one reads Han Yu's essays, he will find that they are a perfect combination of substantive content and ethereal effect. (Liu Xizai: Overview of Literary Theories)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
