??
溺音 Addictive Music
指使人沉溺而不能自已的淫邪音樂。“溺音”大致等同于“鄭衛之音”。儒家認為春秋時期鄭、衛等國的音樂浮靡輕薄，對社會的道德發展有害，因此是應予排斥的“溺音”。音樂是隨著時代發展的，即使是在春秋時期，也有古樂與新樂之分。古樂是從古代流傳下來、被儒家推崇的高雅音樂；新樂則是當代或后世新產生的通俗音樂。古樂的特點是高雅，它能使人心歸正，符合儒家的道德規范，因此被稱為“德音”。而新樂則擾亂人的心志，使人沉溺于感官的享受，對人的心志有害，因此被稱為“溺音”。儒家提倡“德音”，反對“溺音”。
Addictive music allures and entraps people with its decadent tones. It roughly equates to "the music of the states of Zheng and Wei." Confucianism believed that the music of Zheng, Wei, and some other states in the Spring and Autumn Period was ornate and frivolous, harmful to the moral development of society. So it should be rejected as "addictive music." Music style changes along with the times. Even during the Spring and Autumn Period, both ancient music and new music were played. Ancient music was elegant, handed down from earlier times, and extolled by Confucian scholars. New music was popular with contemporaries or developed by later generations. Noble and graceful, ancient music could rectify people's minds and make them conform to Confucian moral norms. Therefore, ancient music was called "music conforming to virtue." New music, by contrast, disturbed people's minds and made them wallow in sensual pleasures, corroding their minds and will. It was thus referred to as "addictive music." Confucianism praised music conforming to virtue and opposed addictive music.
引例 Citations：
◎今夫新樂，進俯退俯，奸聲以濫，溺而不止。（《禮記·樂記》）
現在流行的新樂，舞者進退都彎腰曲背，充滿淫邪之聲，使人們沉溺其中而不能自禁。
The vogue new music, brimming with lewd sounds, with dancers advancing and retreating with bent bodies, makes people addicted and unable to restrain themselves. (The Book of Rites)
◎（魏）文侯曰：“敢問溺音何從出也？”子夏對曰：“鄭音好濫淫志，宋音燕女溺志，衛音趨（cù）數（shuò）煩志，齊音敖（ào）辟（pì）喬（jiāo）志，此四者皆淫于色而害于德，是以祭祀弗用也。”（《禮記·樂記》）
魏文侯問道：“請問溺音是從哪里來的呢？”子夏回答：“鄭國的音樂輕佻放浪，令人心志淫蕩；宋國的音樂纖柔嫵媚，令人心志沉溺；衛國的音樂短促急速，令人心志煩亂；齊國的音樂傲慢邪僻，令人心志驕逸。這四個國家的音樂都偏重情欲而妨害人們的德行，所以祭祀時不會采用它們。”
Duke Wen of the State of Wei asked, "May I ask where the addictive music comes from?" Zixia replied, "The music of the State of Zheng is frivolous and unrestrained, making people lewd. The music of the State of Song is delicate and alluring, making people addicted. The music of the State of Wei is short and rapid, making people upset. The music of the State of Qi is overwhelming and eccentric, making people arrogant and debauched. The music of these four countries is too titillating and corruptive to public morals, so it is excluded from rituals." (The Book of Rites)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
